Description
Alloy 2.4361 is a nickel-copper solid solution strengthened alloy. The alloy is characterized by moderate strength, good weldability, good general corrosion resistance and toughness. It is useful at temperatures up to 1000°F (538°C). Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish or seawater where cavitation and erosion resistance is necessary. It is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. Alloy 2.4361 is slightly magnetic at room temperature.
Applications
Alloy 2.4361 is widely used in many fields, especially marine and chemical processing. Typical applications are valves and pumps; pump and propeller shafts; marine fixtures and fasteners; electrical and electronic components; springs; chemical processing equipment; gasoline and fresh water tanks; crude petroleum stills, process vessels and piping; boiler feed water heaters and other heat exchangers; and deaerating heaters.
Chemical Composition
Trade Name | ASTM/AISI Alloy type | UNS | %Cu | %Fe | %Mn | %Si | %Ni |
Monel 400 | B 127, B 164 | N04400 | 28–34 | 2.5 max | 2.0 max | 0.5 max | 63 min |
Mechanical Properties Minimum Room Temperature Tensile Data
Form | Condition | Ultimate Tensile Strength ksi(MPa) | Yield Strength at 0.2% offset, ksi(MPa) | Elongation in 2" or 4D, percent |
Sheet, Plate, Strip | Annealed | 70.0 (480) | 28.0 (195) | 35 |
Bar | Annealed | 70.0 (480) | 25.0 (170) | 35 |
Corrosion Resistance
Alloy 2.4361 is virtually immune to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking in typical environments. Generally, its corrosion resistance is very good in reducing environments, but poor in oxidizing conditions. Alloy 2.4361 is resistant to most alkalis, salts, waters (including saline or brackish), food products, organic substances and atmospheric conditions at normal and elevated temperatures.
This alloy is not useful in highly oxidizing acids, such as nitric and nitrous. It is resistant to sulfuric acid in concentrations to 80% and in hydrochloric solutions in concentrations to 20%.
Oxidizing impurities such as ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, chromates, nitrates, peroxides, and cupric salts, can cause attack in a medium which would otherwise be relatively mild for the alloy.
Hot Working/Cold Working
Alloy 400 is readily hot or cold worked. The hot working range is 1700°F to 2150°F. Optimum working temperature is appoximately 2000°F. Finished fabrications can be produced to a rather wide range of mechanical properities by proper control of the amount of hot and/or cold work and by the selection of proper thermal treatments.
Machinability
The alloy can be machined at satisfactory rates with machine tools generally employed by industry. Generally, cold drawn or cold drawn-stress relieved material is suggested for best machinability and smoothest finish.
Joining
The alloy can be welded, brazed or soldered. Gas or electric welding methods can be employed. When gas welding, the flame must be closed to neutral (on the reducing side), and the work must be done rapidly without rewelding.
Heat Treatment
Both cold worked and hot worked Alloy 2.4361 may be annealed or stress relieved for the desired combination of strength and ductility and to minimized distortion during subsequent machining.
Annealing
Heating should be done in a sulfur-free reducing atmosphere. The annealing range is 1300 to 1800°F, however 1600 to 1800°F is most typical. The lower annealing temperatures (e.g. 1300 to 1500°F) can be utilized with longer times at temperature to minimize grain coarsening.
Stress Relieving
Stress relieving will reduce stresses without recrystallizing the grain structure. Heating to 1000/1050°F for 1 to 2 hours will relieve strains in either hot or cold worked products.
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